Exercise to Improve Sleep in Parkinson's Disease

This study will investigate the impact of three common exercise modalities, cardiovascular, resistance, and multimodal (i.e., a combination of the previous two) training, on sleep quality and architecture in persons with Parkinson's disease (PD). Furthermore, the project will investigate whether the potential positive exercise-induced changes in sleep are associated with improvements in different quality of life (QoL)-related aspects. Participants will perform either cardiovascular training (CT), resistance training (RT), multimodal training (MT), or will be allocated to a control condition (i.e., waiting list - CON) for 12 weeks. Training will be performed three times/week. The assessments will be conducted at baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up (i.e. 8 weeks after the intervention) by assessors blinded to the participants' group allocation.

Inclusion Criteria:Persons with mild-moderate idiopathic Parkinson's Disease (Modified Hoehn & Yahr Scale stages 0.5-3.5);On a stable dosage of medication during the previous month;Having poor sleep quality defined as a score > 15 in the PDSS-2;Exclusion Criteria:Having atypical parkinsonism, dementia, stroke, or any other neurological condition;Presenting severe untreated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA);Having a Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score <18Having a Beck Depression Inventory score >31;Having absolute contraindications to exercise;Having severe osteoporosis;Participating in an exercise or drug trial during the period of the study;Exceeding the physical activity levels recommended for the general population (≥150 minutes/week of moderate-intensity or ≥75 minutes/week of vigorous-intensity cardiovascular activity) and/or strengthening activities ≥2 days/week.