Effect of Gradually Increasing Force Magnitude on the Rate of Canine Retraction Randomized Controlled Trial

Therefore the aim of the current randomized controlled clinical trial is to investigate the effect of gradually increasing force magnitude versus constant force magnitude on the rate of tooth movement in a canine retraction model, furthermore investigate the effect of the two force systems on the ratio of cytokines and the pain experienced by the patient.Research question:In adult orthodontic patients requiring bilateral maxillary canines retraction, will gradually increasing force magnitudes accelerate the rate of canine retraction in the experimental side when compared to the control side?

Inclusion Criteria:Males and Females with an age ranging between 16-30 years (Adult patients since cooperation increases with age) (17).Malocclusion that requires extraction of the maxillary first premolars and canines retraction with moderate anchorage.Full permanent dentition with exception of the third molars.Good oral hygiene and periodontal condition (Probing depth< 4 mm in all teeth), since the periodontal condition affects the amount and type of tooth movement.Absence of untreated caries which may worsen during the study time.Exclusion Criteria:Medically compromised patients.Patients suffering from any congenital or hereditary diseases.Smoking or any systemic diseases.Chronic use of any medications including antibiotics, phenytoin, cyclosporine, anti-inflammatory drugs, systemic corticosteroids, and calcium channel blockers. All the above factors affect the rate of tooth movement