Esketamine-propofol Versus Propofol for Flexible Bronchoscopy

Bronchoscopy is a promising technology for lung and bronchus disease detection and therapy. However, this procedure is associated with a relatively high risk of hypoxemia, coughing, wheezing, and dyspnea. Despite the fact that propofol is the most commonly used agent in procedure sedation, the narrow therapeutic index remains challenging. Esketamine is the s-enantiomer of ketamine with potent analgesic and sedative properties. This study aims to test the hypothesis that adding subanesthetic esketamine to propofol is non-inferior to propofol alone for bronchoscopy on the recovery profile and discharge from the hospital.

Inclusion Criteria:American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification I-III;Scheduled for ambulatory bronchoscopy.Exclusion Criteria:Allergic or contraindications to studying drugsHistory of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndromeHistory of psychiatric illnessHistory of neurological diseasePre-existing memory or cognitive impairmentHistory of seizure disordersPregnancySubstance abuse or intake of drugs that affect the central nervous systemInability to communicate in Mandarin Chinese.Illiteracy