Effect of Foot Reflexology on Pain Associated With Mediastinal Chest Drain Removal

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of death worldwide and significantly affect patient quality of life and socioeconomic status. The care of CVD patients in Egypt is very complex and sensitive because of the high incidence and high mortality rate. The burden of CVD and the high prevalence of CVD risk factors in Egypt are alarming.Despite great evidence of adverse clinical impact, the pain remains infrequently assessed and poorly managed in ICU. Pain has serious physical and psychological effects which can impair patient recovery and discharge. Moreover, it does not allow the patients to collaborate appropriately during care-related procedures, such as mobilization and respiratory therapy.

Inclusion Criteria:Adult conscious patients ≥ 18 years old after OHS, who have a mediastinal chest drain.Gender: male and femaleExclusion Criteria:- 1. Sedated patients 2. Patients with any problem in the foot as a wound, allergy, injury, pain, callus, corn, fungal skin infection, or previous scars.3. Patients use analgesics for 6 hours before the intervention.