Nalbuphine as an Adjuvant to Levobupivacaine in Caudal Analgesia in Children

Caudal anesthesia is the single most important pediatric regional anesthetic technique and is increasingly performed in pediatric regional anesthesia practices. It is preferred in order to relieve intra-operative and postoperative pain in children of all age groups undergoing pelvi-abdominal or lower limbs surgeries using levobupivacaine 0.25%.Various adjuvants have been added to levobupivacaine to prolong postoperative caudal analgesia. Nalbuphine as many opioids can be added in caudal analgesia. This prospective randomized double blind study was done to compare the effects of plain levobupivacaine versus Levobupivacaine plus nalbuphine single-shot for postoperative pain relief in children undergoing hypospadius repair surgery.

Inclusion Criteria:ASA I, II.Age 1-3 years.Patients scheduled for hypospadias repair surgeries.Exclusion Criteria:ASA III, IV.Signs of infection at site of injection.Known coagulopathy disorder.Mental and / or developmental retardation.