Diaphragm Atrophy and Dysfunction in Mechanical Ventilation

The gold standard of twitch transdiaphragmatic pressure recordings would ultimately clear the fog around the rate of development of Ventilator induced Diaphragm Dysfunction (VIDD) in mechanically ventilated patients over time. Through measurements made even after mechanical ventilation (MV) it could be clarified to what extent patients recover from VIDD. Paired with cortical stimulation and electromyographic recordings of diaphragm muscle potentials, it could be explored to what extent decreased diaphragm excitability due to long term MV contributes to VIDD on the level of motor cortex. Against that background the present project aims at determining the rate of decline in diaphragm function, strength and control in patients undergoing MV (including measurements after extubation).

Inclusion Criteria: * Initiation of invasive mechanical ventilation in the Intensive Care Unit within 48 hours. * Expected duration of invasive mechanical ventilation of at least 5 days. * OR: elective bypass surgery with "planned" invasive mechanical ventilation Exclusion Criteria: * Body-mass-index (BMI) \>40 * Expected absence of active participation of the patient in study-related measurements after extubation * Alcohol or drug abuse * Non MRI compatible implant in the body * Slipped disc * Epilepsy * Patients in an interdependence or with an employment contract with the principal investigator, Co-PI or his deputy.