Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Methadone Maintenance Therapy Combined With Methamphetamine Abuse

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been used to treat opioid and methamphetamine addiction in previous studies, while no evidence was proved for patients methadone maintenance therapy with methamphetamine abuse. The aim of this study is to evaluating the effectiveness and safety of rTMS treatment for methamphetamine abuse in patients with methadone maintenance therapy.

Inclusion Criteria: * aged 18-65 years * a diagnosis of OUD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) and current enrollment in MMT * a diagnosis of methamphetamine (MA) use disorder according to the DSM-5 * four or more positive methamphetamine urine tests within a 4-week period * no concurrent medication treatment except for methadone * an education level of junior high school or higher * normal vision and hearing Exclusion Criteria: * severe physical or neurological conditions requiring active treatment (e.g., stroke, seizure, or traumatic brain injury) * use of cognition-enhancing medications within the past 6 months * other substance use disorders (excluding nicotine dependence) in recent five years * comorbid severe psychiatric disorders (e.g., bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or major depressive disorder) * pregnancy or lactation among female participants * contraindications for iTBS, such as implanted devices (e.g., pacemakers, cochlear implants, neurostimulators) or intraocular metal fragments