Immune Resistance Interrogation Study

This is a prospective research study which will include patients who have progressed on immunotherapy as their most recent line of therapy. This study aims to characterize whether patients who fail to respond to immunotherapy versus patients who respond initially but after a period of time progress demonstrate different genomic, transcriptomic, epigenetic, immunophenotyping profiles. Patients will have a one-time fresh tumor biopsy. Serial blood samples (total amount of blood drawn may not exceed the lesser of 50 mL or 3 mL/kg in an 8 week period), archival tissue (if available) and one stool sample will be collected.

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients with a histological or cytological diagnosis of solid malignancies, with at least one tumor lesion amenable to core needle biopsy and consent to such a procedure. * Patients must have progressed on immunotherapy (defined as anti-PD1/PD-L1 antibodies given as monotherapy or as part of a combination therapy) as their most recent line of therapy. Patients will be classified into two groups: 1) those who benefitted from immunotherapy with either complete response (CR), partial response (PR) or prolonged stable disease (SD) lasting at least 6 months with subsequent progression or who had disease progression after at least 12 weeks from the last dose of immunotherapy in the adjuvant setting (i.e. acquired resistance), 2) those whose disease is primary refractory to immunotherapy with disease progression at their first on-treatment imaging, those who benefitted from immunotherapy with stable disease (SD) but progressed in \