p16Ink4a in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Children

The bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a respiratory disease of the premature child which lead to a reduction of gas exchange surface and to a prolonged respiratory failure. This disease has morphologic and functional consequences at adulthood and is today considered to be an early determinant of respiratory diseases at adulthood. The physiopathology of BPD is not well known. Several mechanisms could be involved especially a reparation failure favored by an increase of cellular senescence which is a permanent stop of cellular proliferation. The transcription factor 16 Ink4a, considered as a marker of aging, is one of the essential markers of senescence. Its increase during prematurity was shown at the blood cells of the cordon, but its involvement in BPD and its evolution in child are not yet studied.

Inclusion Criteria: Premature(\< 28 GA) neonates * Alive neonate born at less than 28 gestational age * Signed inform consent Term neonates: * Alive neonate born at least at 37 GA or more * Signed inform consent Child from 7 to 15 years old with BPD: * Child from 7 to 15 years old * Child with a BPD diagnosed * Signed inform consent Child from 7 to 15 years old without BPD: * Child from 7 to 15 years old * Child receiving a blood test * Signed inform consent Exclusion Criteria: Premature (\< 28 GA) and term neonates: -Congenital malformation Child from 7 to 15 years old with BPD: * Cystic fibrosis * Evolutive cancer * Chronic inflammatory disease * Known anemia * Refusal of participation of child or parental authority Child from 7 to 15 years old without BPD: * Other respiratory disease: severe asthma, cystic fibrosis, deficit AAT, bronchial dilatation * Evolutive cancer * Chronic inflammatory disease * Known anemia * Refusal of participation of child or parental authority