Efficacy and Safety Study of Short-term Antibiotic for Pyelonephritis in Women

Urinary tract community infections are one of very frequent reason consultation and prescription. Urinary tract represents the second site of bacterial community infection after the respiratory system. The management of the acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis was simply codified in the past recommendations of the French Agency for Safety Health Products (AFSSAPS) in 2008. Treatment is based on two main families of antibiotics, fluoroquinolones with 7 days treatment and 3rd generation cephalosporins with 10 to 14 days treatment. The practice of a short treatment with ceftriaxone intra venous relayed by cefixime orally provides a simplified treatment for patients, a reduced use of fluoroquinolones and a probable decrease in correlation with the emergence of fluoroquinolones resistance, and finally, a decrease in the cost of treatment of acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis.

Inclusion Criteria: * Women between 18 and 65 years old * Diagnosis of Acute Uncomplicated Pyelonephritis * Patient obliged to participate in the French national health and pensions system. * Patient who have read, understood and signed the consent Exclusion Criteria: * Women who are pregnant * Men * One of these risk factor who define a complicated pyelonephritis: Medical history of uro-nephrology problem Nephropathy Obstructive Uropathy Vesicoureteral reflux Post mictinal residue \> 100mL Urinary fistula Catheter vesicle and urethral Kidney transplantation Immunodeficiency Diabetes * Recurrent pyelonephritis * Allergy of betalactam or cephalosporin * History of hypersensitivity reactions to antibiotic medications * Patient in terminal care * Trouble of cognitive function * Patient deprive of judicial or administrative freedom * Patient participating to another trial * Refusal to participate to the trial